Abstract
A low radar cross section (RCS) circularly polarized patch antenna array operating at the downlink S-band (2492 ± 5 MHz) of the Chinese Compass Navigation Satellite System (CNSS) is proposed. The low RCS is achieved by replacing the conventional metallic ground with an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC)-based metasurface. Two different AMC unit cells are designed having a phase difference within 180 ± 37° and combined in a chessboard-like configuration to realize the AMC-based metasurface. Furthermore, the AMC-based metasurface is utilized as the ground of the CNSS array for wideband RCS reduction. A wideband RCS reduction from 6 GHz to 17 GHz is achieved due to the wideband diffusion property of the AMC unit cells. The maximum RCS reduction is more than 14 dB at 13.3 GHz irrespective of the polarization direction of the incident waves. Moreover, the circular polarization (CP) performance is realized by embedding a circular slot on the patch radiator of the antenna element. The radiation characteristics of the CNSS array are hardly impacted by the inclusion of the metasurface-based ground. The proposed CNSS array has been fabricated and measured. The measurement results are in reasonable agreement with the simulations. The proposed CNSS array can be a good candidate for CNSS adaptive antenna applications where low RCS is simultaneously demanded.
Highlights
In the past decade, the manipulation of waves at will has received tremendous interest, underpinned by the advent of the transformation method [1] and metamaterials [2,3]
This paper proposes a new design to realize the out-of-band radar cross section (RCS) reduction of a Compass Navigation Satellite System (CNSS) array using metasurface
In order to realize wideband RCS reduction, two different artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) unit cells with a phase difference within 180 ± 37◦ are designed and combined in a chessboard-like configuration to function as a ground plane of the CNSS array
Summary
The manipulation of waves at will has received tremendous interest, underpinned by the advent of the transformation method [1] and metamaterials [2,3]. Different techniques have been proposed in the literature to reduce the antenna scattering, such as object shaping method [9], radar absorbing material [10], and active/passive cancellation [11,12]. Apart from these, a number of absorption methods have been proposed such as the Salisbury screen [13], electromagnetic band gap (EBG) combined with lumped resistance [14], and perfect metamaterial absorber [15,16] These methods suffer from narrowband RCS reduction. In order to realize wideband RCS reduction, two different AMC unit cells with a phase difference within 180 ± 37◦ are designed and combined in a chessboard-like configuration to function as a ground plane of the CNSS array. Simulation and measurement results confirm the wideband RCS reduction without affecting the radiation characteristics of the CNSS array
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