Abstract
ABSTRACTThe conventional cascode circuit has long been used as the basis for the differential input stage to an op amp. The voltage gain of this stage can be maximised by operating the MOS devices in the moderate inversion region rather than the strong inversion region. In so doing, the voltage gains of the differential stage can reach values of over 120 dB and the power dissipation is minimised due to the low currents required. Harmonic distortion is also minimised by moderate inversion operation. Although the composite cascode or self-cascode has been successfully used as an op-amp differential stage, the conventional cascode differential circuit offers additional advantages and is compared to the composite cascode differential circuit in this work. A design procedure is also reported in this work for low-power, high voltage gain differential stages.
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