Abstract
AbstractThe pressures on water system are increasing in cities. Rapid urbanisation caused by booming population leads to more impervious area and less infiltration, with the consequence of larger runoff volume and higher flood risk. Launched in 2014, the low impact development (LID), an important part of Sponge City in China initiative, invests in projects that aim to restore the water cycle in the urban area. A comprehensive understanding of the performance of LID measures at watershed scale under different rainfall scenarios and life cycle costs is necessary. The objectives of this study are to assess the hydrological performance and to identify the optimal LID design by using SWMM model and life cycle cost (LCC) method. This study found that LID practices, including bioretention, grass swale, and permeable pavement, showed good performance on urban storm mitigation at watershed scale under different rainfall scenarios. Furthermore, the rates of surface runoff reduction were largely insusceptible to the change of rainfall volume and duration. Regarding the cost‐effectiveness, the priority was grass swale > bioretention > permeable pavement in the study area. The optimal LID scenario was the combination of these three types of LID. The proposed approach can help the decision‐makers to determine the preferable LID plan suitable for the local communities.
Highlights
The rapid urban development has increased the percentage of impervious area and changed original hydrological processes in cities
This study found that low impact development (LID) practices, including bioretention, grass swale, and permeable pavement, showed good performance on urban storm mitigation at watershed scale under different rainfall scenarios
Since traditional urban rainwater management practices have exhibited the ineffectiveness in some extreme events such as western Japan heavy downpours in 2018, some source control alternative approaches have become popular (Fletcher et al, 2015)
Summary
The rapid urban development has increased the percentage of impervious area and changed original hydrological processes in cities. As an important component of this sponge city program, Low Impact Development (LID) is an approach to land development that works with nature to manage stormwater as close to its source as possible (Prince George's County, 1999) It was first proposed in North America, which was described as a land planning and engineering design approach to manage stormwater runoff. Life cycle cost (LCC) analysis is a method to identify the most costeffective option by taking all the combined costs that the object will face or can be assumed to face over its lifespan (Curran, 1996) It has been adopted in the field of water supply system inventory (Lee, Shin, Rasheed, & Kong, 2017), evaluation of green and grey combined sewer overflow control strategies (De Sousa, Montalto, & Spatari, 2012) and permeable pavements design (Rehan, Qi, & Werner, 2018).
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