Design of impulsive asteroid flybys and scheduling of time-minimal optimal control arcs for the construction of a Dyson ring (GTOC 11)

Abstract

This paper describes the approach used by the team named the Eccentric Anomalies to obtain the sixth best solution to the problem of the eleventh Global Trajectory Optimization Competition, whose futuristic scenario of Dyson sphere building remained mathematically relevant for current space mission design and engineering in general. As usual for this recurring challenge, it involved large-scale combinatorics at a high level and a multitude of optimal control problems at a lower level. Furthermore it proposed additional layers of complexity by adding a strong scheduling component to the usual flyby sequencing, and by featuring both impulsive and continuous-thrust trajectories. The authors took advantage of modern theoretical techniques and open-source tools to put together a sequential process including analysis based on analytical trajectory models, tree searches using efficient data structures, global and local finite-dimensional optimization and multi-objective trade-offs. The optimal control part was both tackled with direct transcription as well as indirect shooting methods, and the mixed-integer scheduling reformulated as a bi-level optimization. From a programming point of view, the main framework was set in an interpreted language whilst using as much as possible dependencies written in compiled ones for speed.