Abstract
A high-gain miniaturized patch antenna is designed by using a modified hybrid topology optimization (HTO) method. The HTO that combines scalar isotropic material with penalization (SIMP) and level set method (LSM), is based on gradient optimization with fast convergence speed. The performance of the optimized antenna is verified by simulation and measurement. Compared with the reference antenna, the patch size of the miniaturized antenna is reduced by 45%, while the realized gain and efficiency remain basically unchanged, achieving 6.2 dBi and 95%, respectively. The proposed antenna has the advantages of simple processing, low cost and easy integration. It can be utilized as a unit of array antennas.
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