Abstract
Combined power generation or cogeneration is a highly effective technology that produces heat and electricity in one device more efficiently than separate production. Overall effectiveness is growing by use of combined technologies of energy extraction, taking heat from flue gases and coolants of machines. Another problem is the dependence of such devices on fossil fuels as fuel. For the combustion turbine is mostly used as fuel natural gas, kerosene and as fuel for heating power plants is mostly used coal. It is therefore necessary to seek for compensation today, which confirms the assumption in the future. At first glance, the obvious efforts are to restrict the use of largely oil and change the type of energy used in transport. Another significant change is the increase in renewable energy—energy that is produced from renewable sources. Among machines gaining energy by unconventional way belong mainly the steam engine, Stirling engine, and Ericsson engine. In these machines, the energy is obtained by external combustion and engine performs work in a medium that receives and transmits energy from combustion or flue gases indirectly. The paper deals with the principle of hot-air engines, and their use in combined heat and electricity production from biomass and with heat exchangers as primary energy transforming element.
Highlights
As an example cogeneration unit may be mentioned with an internal combustion gas engine
Unconventional engines are a possible alternative to the internal combustion engines
They work with external combustion, which allows, unlike conventional internal combustion engines, controlling the course of combustion and its quality, which is reflected in the composition of air pollutants emitted to the atmosphere
Summary
Combustion engines with gas as fuel, with the mostly used being natural gas, are most used as power unit of microcogeneration devices. As the heat source can be used almost any fuel for burning, as it is an external combustion engine. Fuel is burned in a separate combustion chamber and heat energy is transformed through. The proposed microcogeneration unit uses two heat exchangers: cooler and heater (see Figure 2). The heat transfer is characterized by a heat transfer coefficient This summary represents the characteristics of the heat exchanger, its layout, and the flowing media. Coefficient depends on the characteristics of the flowing media, from the heat capacity, and the selected construction option and in some cases is significantly influenced by the material used and the heat exchanger. Further requirements are asked to compact size exchanger and the total pressure loss and maintenance options are required [3, 4]
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