Abstract
Maintenance of oil pipelines is an issue of great concern for oil companies. Soil contamination is caused by oil leaks from underground pipelines. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a rapid and relatively inexpensive technique used for locating and characterizing soil contaminated sites without producing fractures and causing further migration of contaminants. One of the most critical hardware components for the performance of GPR is the antenna system. The present paper reports on the design and simulation of a pyramidal horn antenna operating at L-band frequencies (1- 2 GHz) to detect soil contamination. A prototype model of the GPR system setup is developed to simulate the electromagnetic fields in different soil types. The dielectric permittivity of soil, needed in order to carry out simulations during the design process, is measured and analytically represented by Debye relaxation model. The contrast in the dielectric permittivity between contaminated and uncontaminated soils is the most important parameter to be considered for detecting the presence of contamination. The application of GPR is proved to be well-versed in the investigation of soil contamination.Â
Highlights
Soil contamination is caused by underground pipeline rusting or leaking
Supported by full-wave electromagnetic simulations, we have discussed analytical aspects and design considerations of a prototype model of a pipe filled with lubricant oil and buried in sandy soil
The model is used to evaluate electromagnetic measurements taken in contaminated soil due to oil pipeline leaks
Summary
Soil contamination is caused by underground pipeline rusting or leaking. If the pipelines are not appropriately maintained leaks may occur to the surrounding environment which, in turn, could contaminate the surrounding soil. The major causes of leaking of underground piping systems are cracking, drilling, and corrosion [1]. Contamination may spread over large areas and sometimes it is hard to locate. Different techniques are developed for detecting oil leakage from underground pipelines [2]. Leak detection using invasive techniques require drilling, soil sampling, and laboratory testing. These methods can promote further spread of contaminants in polluted areas. Non-invasive techniques are relatively simple, inexpensive, and provide a rapid characterization of contamination without creating cracks
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