Design of Frequency Reconfigurable Patch Antenna for C, X, Ku, and K Bands Applications Controlled by PIN-Diode

Abstract

A frequency reconfigurable patch antenna has been designed and analyzed controlled by two PIN diodes to shift among multiple frequencies. Different mode of operation has been made using computer simulation program (CST) software. A circular patch antenna has complex design calculations; thus, the proposed antenna offered a reduction in complexity using an uncomplicated structure. Tow active switching elements have been used to reconfigure the proposed antenna design to operate in multiple bands by shifting between ON and OFF states. Extensive investigation has been made by varying the resistance, inductance, and capacitance components of the selected PIN diodes. A compact size structure of 31.16 mm x 27.04 mm x 1.6 mm functions in the C-band at 4.7 GHz, X-band at 9.2 GHz, Ku-band at 13.3 GHz, and 17 GHz, and K-band at 18.7 GHz when both PIN diodes are OFF state. When the first PIN diode is ON and the second is OFF, it functions in the X- band at 8.7 GHz, Ku-band at 13.1 GHz and 15.9 GHz, and K-band at 18.7 GHz. Then, when the first PIN diode is OFF and the second PIN diode is ON, it functions in the C- band at 5.4GHz, X- band at 9.4 GHz, Ku- band at 13.6 GHz and 17.1 GHz, and K- band at 18.7 GHz. Finally, when both PIN diodes are ON state, it functions in the Ku- band at 12 GHz and 15.8 GHz, and K- band at 18.7 GHz. The proposed reconfigurable circular patch antenna presented a compact unfussy size, cheap, and meek to implement to operate in current communication systems such as satellite communications (space operation, earth exploration, earth-to-space, space-to-earth, satellite TV Broadcasting, and fixed satellite services (FSS)), Mobile communication long-term evolution (LTE band 46), Mobile communication 5G sub-6GHz, Wireless-Fidelity 7 and Radio implant medical devices (IMD).