Abstract
Nanosized metal-organic frameworks (nanoMOFs) MIL-100(Fe) are highly porous and biodegradable materials that have emerged as promising drug nanocarriers. A challenging issue concerns their surface functionalization in order to evade the immune system and to provide molecular recognition ability, so that they can be used for specific targeting. A convenient method for their coating with tetraethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, and mannose residues is reported herein. The method consists of the organic solvent-free self-assembly on the nanoMOFs of building blocks based on β-cyclodextrin facially derivatized with the referred functional moieties, and multiple phosphate groups to anchor to the nanoparticles’ surface. The coating of nanoMOFs with cyclodextrin phosphate without further functional groups led to a significant decrease of macrophage uptake, slightly improved by polyethylene glycol or mannose-containing cyclodextrin phosphate coating. More notably, nanoMOFs modified with tetraethylene glycol-containing cyclodextrin phosphate displayed the most efficient “stealth” effect. Mannose-coated nanoMOFs displayed a remarkably enhanced binding affinity towards a specific mannose receptor, such as Concanavalin A, due to the multivalent display of the monosaccharide, as well as reduced macrophage internalization. Coating with tetraethylente glycol of nanoMOFs after loading with doxorubicin is also described. Therefore, phosphorylated cyclodextrins offer a versatile platform to coat nanoMOFs in an organic solvent-free, one step manner, providing them with new biorecognition and/or “stealth” properties.
Highlights
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are currently among the most versatile materials, with crystalline porous structures built using organic linkers and metal cations
To test the molecular recognition properties of such mannose-coated nanoMOFs, we studied the binding affinity of glycoclusters 8 and 10, as well as mannose-coated nanoMOFs@8 and nanoMOFs@10, towards the model mannose-specific lectin concanavalin A (ConA) by using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC)
We have developed a convenient method for the coating of nanoMOFs MIL-100(Fe) with tetraethylene glycol (TEG), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and mannose residues
Summary
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are currently among the most versatile materials, with crystalline porous structures built using organic linkers and metal cations Since they were discovered [1], their applications were focused on biosensing, gas storage, separation, heterogeneous catalysis, and imaging [2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. Their innovative biomedical applications as potential drug delivery nanocarriers are gaining increasing interest for the treatment of a variety of diseases [9,10,11,12] These materials allow tuning pore sizes and shapes by varying both metal cations and organic linkers, and drug interactions with the matrix can be optimized [13]. Β-CD coatings were able to improve suspension stability and could be further functionalized with fluorescent dyes
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