Abstract
Cellular networks have witnessed an unprecedented expansion represented by the number of subscribers in addition to the unlimited number of applications. In the era of IoT, connections may involve machines working side by side with humans on the same network. Tidal load is one of the key challenges in mobile networks, which represents a temporary phenomenon resulting from increasing traffic volumes at certain times of the day in particular places. This leads to the problem of overutilization of some base stations, particularly in fixed resources allocation systems such as 4G LTE architecture, which contains physically separated base stations. This results in increasing the dropping and blocking probability for the incoming calls in an overloaded area, while others suffer from underutilization or might be almost idle for a particular time. In this paper, an Elastic Call Admission Control (ECAC) approach is proposed to reduce the probability of blocking and dropping to improve the network performance in the tidal load scenario. This is achieved using the concept of gain multiplexing technique and cloud-based cellular architecture for utilizing the shared available recourses of the co-located virtual base stations in the cloud. A Fuzzy Type 2 (FT2) system is used to maintain the switching decision for resource sharing mode, the network load is predicted in advance using Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) model. Performance evaluation is carried out using the cloud-based Fog-Radio Access Network (F-RAN) platform. Compared to legacy LTE architecture, the results illustrate a noticeable enhancement in terms of minimizing blocking probability, enhancing overall network performance represented by network data throughput, and network utilization.
Highlights
Future 5G mobile networks and beyond are expected to support one million connections for each square kilometre [1], [2]
The components of the Fog-Radio Access Network (F-RAN) are similar to C-RAN architecture in shifting the baseband processing from dedicated hardware on the ground to be a virtual base station in the cloud; except that the Remote Radio Heads (RRHs) are enhanced with the local caches for storage regularly demanded contents to reduce the latency of content delivery
The second part of the proposed Elastic Call Admission Control (ECAC) is the application of the Fuzzy Type 2 (FT2) approach to check the bandwidth availability of Virtual Base Stations (VBSs)
Summary
Future 5G mobile networks and beyond are expected to support one million connections for each square kilometre [1], [2]. At the tidal load area, the network may not be able to meet the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements for a large number of the present and incoming calls as well. This is due to the problem of high dropping and blocking, probably resulting from the deficiency of resources. The main contribution of this paper is represented by alleviating the problem of performance degradation in the cellular network throughout the tidal load period using the concepts of multiplexing gain and smart decision making for an ultra-high arrival rate of calls received in the Fog-Radio Access Networks (F-RANs).
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