Abstract
There are DAC structures available in the literature for radix r = 2, 3, and 4; but how they are arrived at is missing. No general structure is available for any radix r. The aim of the paper is, therefore, to fulfil these gaps. To start with, the design relations are derived for the simplest possible attenuator circuit when connected to a voltage source V and a series resistance R, such that the complete circuit offers the Thevenin resistance R. Spread relations for this attenuator are derived. An example when 3 such attenuators with different attenuation constants are connected in cascade is given. Interestingly, the two attenuators with attenuation factors 1/2 and 1/3 have the same spread of 2. A generalized attenuator is then obtained when N number of identical attenuators are connected in cascade. This is modified to derive a digital to analog converter for any radix r.
Highlights
Multiple logics have several advantages over binary ones
A generalized attenuator is obtained when N number of identical attenuators are connected in cascade
The bracket values are the theoretically expected ones. These results show that the digital to analog converters (DACs) exhibits the practical response very closely the expected theoretical one
Summary
Many multiple logic circuits have been developed [1]-[7]. Due to all these applications, there has been an interest in digital to analog converters (DACs) since long [8]-[16]. Miyata et al [8] and Current [9] deal with ternary (T/A) and quaternary (Q/A) (radices 3 and 4, respectively), to analog conversion. None of these gives how the structures are arrived at. It is shown that the Q/A requires 26% less total resistance if fabricated and approx-
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