Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are a family of α-1,4-linked cyclic oligosaccharides that possess a hydrophobic cavity and a hydrophilic outer surface with abundant hydroxyl groups. This unique structural characteristic allows CDs to form inclusion complexes with various guest molecules and to functionalize with different substituents for the construction of novel sophisticated systems, ranging from derivatives to polymers, metal-organic frameworks, hydrogels, and other supramolecular assemblies. The excellent biocompatibility, selective recognition ability, and unique bioactive properties also make these CD-based functional systems especially attractive for biomedical applications. In this review, we highlight the characteristics and advantages of CDs as a starting point to design different functional materials and summarize the recent advances in the use of these materials for bioseparation, enzymatic catalysis, biochemical sensing, biomedical diagnosis and therapy.
Highlights
CDs are well-known macrocyclic compounds that contain five or more α-D-glucopyranoside units linked by α-1,4-glycosidic bonds in the shape of a hollow truncated cone
Β-CD functionalized with hyaluronic acid (HA) and adamantane modified with camptothecin (CPT) are self-assembled into nanocarriers through the host-guest interaction, while a near-infrared absorbing dye IR825 was loaded in hydrophobic cavity (Zhang et al, 2018)
Probes for Radiation-Based Molecular Imaging. Radionuclide imaging is another form of noninvasive imaging technique that uses biologically active compound labelled with a small amount of radioactive substance to detect the disease-associated molecular phenotype of tissues
Summary
CDs are well-known macrocyclic compounds that contain five or more α-D-glucopyranoside units linked by α-1,4-glycosidic bonds in the shape of a hollow truncated cone. The binding strength relies on the synergistic effect of these weak and reversible noncovalent interactions This encapsulation ability will change the physiochemical properties of the included guest molecules, which has been widely explored for practical applications in biomedical fields by developing CDbased functional systems (Uekama et al, 1998; Davis and Brewster, 2004). The structural complexity can be widened by the formation of inclusive complex between the bridged/branched CDs and guest molecules to construct more sophisticated supramolecular systems such as polymers, metal-organic frameworks, hydrogels, and other supramolecular assemblies (Nakahata et al, 2017; He et al, 2019; Zhang et al, 2020) These high-level superstructures allow for the functionalization with the bioactive moieties through supramolecular interactions or physical entrapment to achieve diverse functions by designing molecular receptors, delivery vectors, enzyme mimics, and fluorescence indicators. We highlighted the unique advantages of these materials to achieve excellent performances, which show great potential in the field of bioseparation, enzymatic catalysis, biochemical sensing, biomedical diagnosis, and therapy for biomedical applications
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