Design of Compact Sierpinski Gasket Fractal Multi-band Antenna for Wireless Applications

Abstract

AbstractTraditional patch antennas are designed to operate in a single frequency. This factor limits the use of the traditional antenna in devices, which has multiple applications at multiple resonant frequencies. This paper proposes a rectangular shaped patch antenna with iterative hexagonal slots (Sierpinski Gasket Fractal) is designed. The proposed structure has a dimension of 50 × 38 × 1.67 mm3. It operates on S, C and X bands (2–4 GHz), (4–8 GHz) and (8–12 GHz) frequencies, respectively. Microstrip line feeding is the feeding technique used. The antenna is fabricated with copper metal with thickness 0.035 µm on a FR4 dielectric substrate having εr = 4.4 which is mounted on copper material ground. The fabricated antenna is tested using Vectored Network Analyzer. The antenna parameters such as Voltage Standing wave Ratio (VSWR) and reflection coefficient (S11) for the resonant frequencies. Six different resonant frequencies appeared at 2.49, 4.3, 5.8x, 7.4, 8.1 and 10.85 GHz with Reflection coefficient below −10 dB for all frequencies during simulation. The resonant frequencies that appeared during testing using VNA were 2.43, 4.19, 5.7, 7.17, 8.052 and 10.85 GHz. CST microwave studio 2019 software tool was used to design and simulate the prospective antenna design. Applications of this antenna include Bluetooth 802.15 and GPS (2.4–2.48 GHz), WLANs 802.11, WiMAX, Radio altimeters, RADARs, Aviation services and UWB applications (3.1–10.6 GHz).KeywordsMultiband antennaSlot antennaSierpinski Gasket fractal