Abstract
Achieving a particular response to serve multiple wireless applications is regarded as the primary demand in our modern age because of the considerable development of the communication devices. In this paper, a compact monopole antenna with reduced ground plane has been suggested to meet the requirements of the dual-band WLAN applications. The antenna miniaturization has been carried out in employing two techniques. Initially, the fractal geometry has been applied to the antenna radiating element. Two-sided Koch fractal curves up to the third iteration have been used to increase the path of electrical current on the surface of the radiating element which is in the form of a square with dimensions. To gain more miniaturization, the antenna ground plane has been further reduced by using different lengths of two open-ended parallel stubs to form a virtually extended ground plane. This supportive technique has been adopted as a tuning means to control the path of the electrical currents exciting the resulting resonances. The proposed antenna and has been printed on an FR-4 substrate with a thickness of 1.6 mm and 4.4 relative dielectric constant and is fed by 50-ohm microstrip feed line. The resulting antenna dimensions are of about 19.1 mm × 19.1 mm. A parametric study has been carried out, and the results reveal that the proposed antenna offers a dual-band performance with a considerable ratio of resonant frequencies covering the existing 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN applications, besides many other communication services.
Highlights
The impressive growth in the existing wireless communication systems and services has imposed additional requirements on the related antennas to be miniaturized and multiband [1]
Patch and printed dipoles antennas based on fractal curves such as Cantor, Sierpinski, Peano, Koch, Minkowski, and other fractal based structures have paid the attention of the designers to realize miniaturized antennas with multiple resonances for a wide variety of wireless communication applications
The monopole antennas with their radiating elements based on the 2nd and the 3rd iteration Koch fractal geometry have been modeled to resonate at 2.4 GHz
Summary
The impressive growth in the existing wireless communication systems and services has imposed additional requirements on the related antennas to be miniaturized and multiband [1]. Fractal geometries have two unique properties, the space-filling, and self-similarity These features are successfully adopted by the researchers to design highly miniaturized microstrip and printed antennas with dual-band and multiband performance. Patch and printed dipoles antennas based on fractal curves such as Cantor, Sierpinski, Peano, Koch, Minkowski, and other fractal based structures have paid the attention of the designers to realize miniaturized antennas with multiple resonances for a wide variety of wireless communication applications. Sierpinski, [1011], and Peano, [12,13,14], fractal geometries have been successfully applied to generate antenna structures based on Euclidean geometries such as the circle, triangle, and others, to produce dual-band and multiband antennas with a compact size to meet the requirements of the recently available communication services. The radiating elements of the presented antennas are derived from the typically printed square patch with its sides modified in the form of the 2nd and the 3rd iteration Koch fractal curve
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