Abstract
While decreasing their cost, lithium-ion batteries began to enter a vast domain for energy storage field, including solar systems and electric vehicles, due to their high energy density compared to other types. Besides, li-ion batteries require a safe and secure ground to reach the best performance and decrease the explosion risk. The safe operation of the battery is based on the main protection features and balancing the cells. This study offers a battery BMS design that protects li-ion batteries from overcharging, over-discharging and overheating. It is also offering passive cell balancing, an uninterrupted power source to load, and monitoring data. The used controller is Arduino mega 2560, which manages all the hardware and software protection features. Software features that include 1) variable charging speed according to the batteries charging status, 2) measuring the batteries state of health and state of charge, 3) controlling the uninterrupted driver, 4) regulating the charge and discharge voltage, and 5) measure and display all readings.
Highlights
The high global demand for energy and increase in oil prices are accompanied by promising development in adopting many renewable energy sources
The results show that the system supplies the load with a fixed power as the battery voltage decreases, the supplied current increase
The simulation results for particular discharge/charging tests confirmed that the proposed Battery Management System (BMS) could control the cell's voltages according to the datasheet's rated value
Summary
The high global demand for energy and increase in oil prices are accompanied by promising development in adopting many renewable energy sources. The growth of portable electronic devices, such as phones, laptops, medical devices, and more. These aspects led researchers to develop different types of batteries [1,2,3], with different characteristics and capacities, like lead-acid, Nickel-cadmium, Lithium-ion, and nickelmetal hydride. There are some restrictions in using lithium-ion batteries, which are voltage, current, and temperature in respect of charging or discharging, which must be considered in order not to cause damage or decrease in the number of cycles, so Lithium-ion require a safe and secure environment to reach optimum operation and performance [7,8,9,10]. Li-ion battery packs manage poverty because of the li-ion behaviour that requires controlling each cell to protect it from overcharging or over-discharging; this process is called Battery Management System (BMS) [11]
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