Abstract
A fully digital photoplethysmographic (PPG) sensor and actuator has been developed. The sensing circuit uses one Light Emitting Diode (LED) for emitting light into human tissue and one LED for detecting the reflectance light from human tissue. A Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is used to control the LEDs and determine the PPG and Blood Oxygen Saturation (SpO2). The configurations with two LEDs and four LEDs are developed for measuring PPG signal and Blood Oxygen Saturation (SpO2). N-LEDs configuration is proposed for multichannel SpO2 measurements. The approach resulted in better spectral sensitivity, increased and adjustable resolution, reduced noise, small size, low cost and low power consumption.
Highlights
Photoplethymysography (PPG) is a non-invasive method for the detection of cardiovascular pulse waves propagating across the human body
In order to optimize the design and improve Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) we investigated several types of digital filters like Mean, FIR, and IIR
The proposed PPG sensor-actuator was tested in both PPG and SpO2 configurations against qualitative and quantitative criteria
Summary
Photoplethymysography (PPG) is a non-invasive method for the detection of cardiovascular pulse waves propagating across the human body. It is based on the determination of optical properties of vascular tissue using a probe, which consists of LED-photodiode configuration [1,2]. The intensity of the light reaching the PD is measured and the variations, caused by blood volume changes, are amplified, filtered and recorded as a voltage signal This signal is extremely small, subject to noise and in addition to the PD, precise analogue amplifiers, high order filters and analogue-to-digital converters are required [3]. The implementation of sensing algorithm in FPGA technology is elaborated in Section 3, while Section 4 presents the test results
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