Abstract
Nowadays, information and communication technologies (mobile phones, connected objects) strongly occupy our daily life. The increasing use of these technologies and the complexity of network infrastructures raise issues about radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (Rf-Emf) exposure. Most previous studies have assessed individual exposure to Rf-Emf, and the next level is to assess populational exposure. In our study, we designed a statistical tool for Rf-Emf populational exposure assessment and mapping. This tool integrates geographic databases and surrogate models to characterize spatiotemporal exposure from outdoor sources, indoor sources, and mobile phones. A case study was conducted on a 100 × 100 m grid covering the 14th district of Paris to illustrate the functionalities of the tool. Whole-body specific absorption rate (SAR) values are 2.7 times higher than those for the whole brain. The mapping of whole-body and whole-brain SAR values shows a dichotomy between built-up and non-built-up areas, with the former displaying higher values. Maximum SAR values do not exceed 3.5 and 3.9 mW/kg for the whole body and the whole brain, respectively, thus they are significantly below International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) recommendations. Indoor sources are the main contributor to populational exposure, followed by outdoor sources and mobile phones, which generally represents less than 1% of total exposure.
Highlights
Nowadays, wireless communication devices and connected objects are part of our personal and professional daily life
The aim of this paper is to present the design of an advanced tool for the spatiotemporal radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (Rf-electromagnetic field (Emf)) exposure mapping
In thisThe study, we developed an innovative approach to exposure, assess aggregated populationalofexposure to Rf-Emf
Summary
Wireless communication devices and connected objects are part of our personal and professional daily life. In 2018, number of worldwide public Wi-Fi hotspots reached 168.6 million. The same year, the number of mobile devices and connections reached 8.8 billion [1]. With the advent of the Internet-of-Things (IoT), billions of connected objects are being deployed [2]. Both evolutions have a major impact on our information and communications technology (ICT) usage and on our economy. By 2023, the number of worldwide mobile devices will increase to 13.1 billion, with 4G and
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