Abstract
An experiment has been designed to measure acoustic backscatter from the ocean wave surface simultaneously with surface wave measurements of the SWADE experiment. The objective is to measure scattering cross section Doppler broadening for grazing angles of 15 to 2 deg, at frequencies of 100, 200, 400, and 800 Hz for the purpose of comparison with perturbation theory. Constraints are that the system be operated under battery power at sea, unattended for a period of 2 months or more, with measurements at 1-h intervals. Design parameters of the source and receiver array are driven by signal-to-noise considerations, whereas the signaling format is driven by predicted Doppler broadening and data storage. Depth of the source and receiver is optimized to give time-gated arrivals for low grazing angle before the fathometer return and long enough in transmissions in time to resolve Doppler broadening. Ambiguity functions for cw pulses, pseudorandom codes, and FM sweeps are considered and compared. A solution appears possible, but just within the constraints of experimental geometry and power and storage capabilities.
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