Abstract
Poor tools lead to dropped gra7s, decreased surgeon confidence, increased opera<ng <me Forceps: • cannot reliably open and close in 6ght spaces • good grip • poor force applica6on Blunt Tools: • good force applica6on • poor grip • difficulty handling varying gra: size, shape, rigidity Endonasal Approach • Minimally invasive • Limited tool manipulability • Gra: placement can add up to 30 minutes Inadequate Gra7 Placement Complica<ons • CSF leaks that lead to meningi6s, brain hemorrhage, neurological deficits, or death1
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