Abstract
A micro-lens with an adjustable focal length (FL) is designed by using Graded Photonic Crystal (GPC) structures and a Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (PDLC) material. The GPCs are formed by gradually changing the radius of the polymer rods in the Photonic Crystal (PC) with square lattices of polymer rods in the background of Liquid Crystals (LCs). The electrically tunable focusing characteristics of the micro-lens are investigated by loading a continuous voltage source to change the LC rotation angle. The sensitivity of the focal shift in terms of LCs tilting angle is 0.152 λ(nm/deg). Moreover, the effect of the defects and deviations on the focusing characteristics are also analyzed. This research is crucial for future applications of the proposed device in the integrated photonics and adaptive optics.
Highlights
The optical lens is an indispensable component for various optical setups and systems such as cameras, projectors and imagers
Meniscuses between water and oil were used as an optical lens; its focal length can be adjusted by varying the surface curvature [2]
The Graded Photonic Crystal (GPC) structure is formed by changing the rods size
Summary
The optical lens is an indispensable component for various optical setups and systems such as cameras, projectors and imagers. The emerging fields of metasurfaces utilize nanoscale resonators or wave guides to fine tune the amplitude, phase and polarization of the optical fields, making possible various applications such as lensing, holography and beam shaping [15,16,17,18,19,20]. Crystals 2018, 8, 303 employed in order to perform auto-focusing of light including electro-optical [2], thermo-optical [3], electro-mechanical [21] and acousto-mechanical [22] techniques Among these techniques, LCs are considered to be good choices for electro-optical adaptive lens design since applying a control voltage gives rise to a dynamical tuning in the orientations of the LCs molecules, and the effective refractive index of the LCs changes based on the voltage levels [23]. The electrically tunable micro-lens has adjustable FL, and has high fault tolerance
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