Design of an efficient fluorescent nanoplatform carrier for hydrophobic drugs along with green carbon dot: Possible application in cancer image-guided drug therapy

Abstract

Nanotechnology has taken novel approaches to advance cancer therapeutic efficacy employing multifunctional nanocarriers with drug delivery and imaging function. In this work, we designed a biocompatible and affordable fluorescence nanocarrier called chitosan (CS)-carbon dot (CD) hybrid nanogel for cell imaging. The green CDs were synthesized using tomato juice through a simple single-step hydrothermal method. Chitosan polymer was used as a carrier for co-delivery CDs and the anti-cancer drug with low solubility, silibinin (Sil), to design the Sil-chitosan carbon dots hybrid nanogels (CCHNs) system. After optimizing the physicochemical properties of nanostructure by DLS, FTIR, FESEM, TEM, and UV-visible techniques, the successful uptake of the fluorescent nanoparticle conjugates into MCF-7 breast cancer cells occurred. Then we embedded CDs in chitosan nanogel. The resultant CCHNs demonstrated optical properties similar to free-CDs, a desirable size distribution (55.22 nm) with a positive surface charge, a suitable loading capacity for Sil (35%), and drug release vulnerable to pH changes. The fluorescent nanocarrier could transfer Sil to MCF-7 cancer cells without remarkable toxicity. The results of the fluorescent microscope indicated that after 4 h, the solid fluorescent signal was received from cells containing CCHNs compared to free CDs and confirmed the ability of hybrid nanogels to high cellular uptake. This study demonstrates a multifunctional nanocarrier containing therapeutic compounds and fluorescent agents that provide cellular imaging to enhance therapeutic efficacy.