Abstract

Abstract The production of sand associated with oil and gas developments has been a considerable problem in production operations in the recent past. Early investigative work on the subject concentrated upon the mechanisms by which sand production is initiated and in addition how the sand might be restrained from flow into the wellbore by a concentric lining of gravel in the wellbore across the production zone. This research has provided useful guidelines for the selection of gravel for the prevention of sand migration(1,2,3).

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