Abstract
Distributed generation (DG) systems are growing in number, diversifying in driving technologies and providing substantial energy quantities in covering the energy needs of the interconnected system in an optimal way. This evolution of technologies is a response to the needs of the energy transition to a low carbon economy. A nanogrid is dependent on local resources through appropriate DG, confined within the boundaries of an energy domain not exceeding 100 kW of power. It can be a single building that is equipped with a local electricity generation to fulfil the building’s load consumption requirements, it is electrically interconnected with the external power system and it can optionally be equipped with a storage system. It is, however, mandatory that a nanogrid is equipped with a controller for optimisation of the production/consumption curves. This study presents design consideretions for nanogrids and the design of a nanogrid system consisting of a 40 kWp photovoltaic (PV) system and a 50 kWh battery energy storage system (BESS) managed via a central converter able to perform demand-side management (DSM). The implementation of the nanogrid aims at reducing the CO2 footprint of the confined domain and increase its self-sufficiency.
Highlights
Traditional power systems are based on large-scale fossil fuelled generators that use transmission lines through long distances for delivering the power to the consumers. this method is extensively used across the world, it has significant drawbacks in mitigating the challenges poised today for delivering the low carbon economy
In spite of the extensive work documented in the literature, there are no clear indications as to the type of nanogrid power structure and control technique that should be implemented, as each configuration has its advantages and disadvantages, as well as particularities specific to the application that should be considered in the design phase
In a new building DC loads should be considered, which in combination with a PV system and a battery energy storage system (BESS) that are based on DC power, would result in increased conversion efficiency
Summary
Traditional power systems are based on large-scale fossil fuelled generators that use transmission lines through long distances for delivering the power to the consumers. This method is extensively used across the world, it has significant drawbacks in mitigating the challenges poised today for delivering the low carbon economy. Microgrids can be scaled down even further to a nanogrid, i.e., a single building that is equipped with local generation, which is often RES, and when equipped with adequate storage, can operate in isolation from other power entities such as the national electricity network or adjacent DG systems. Through the adoption of DG systems, including nanogrid control architecture, the utilisation of on-site electricity generation and storage is promoted and the dependence of buildings on the external grid is reduced. Through the utilisation of PVs, which coupled with energy storage technologies can increase the energy efficiency (EE) of buildings through the implementation of DSM under the concept of a nanogrid
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