Abstract
In this paper, robust adaptive control is designed for pitch and torque control of the wind turbines operating under turbulent wind conditions. The dynamics of the wind turbine are formulated by considering the five degrees of freedom system (rotor angle, gearbox angle, generator angle, flap-wise deflection of the rotor blade, and axial displacement of the nacelle). The controller is designed to maintain the rotor speed, maximize the aerodynamic efficiency of the wind turbine, and reduce the loads due to high wind speeds. Gaussian probability distribution function is used for approximating the wind speed, which is given as the disturbance input to the plant. The adaptive control algorithm is implemented to 2 MW and 5 MW wind turbines to test the robustness of the controller for varying parameters. The simulation is carried out using MATLAB/Simulink for three cases, namely pitch control, torque control, and the combined case. A case study is done to validate the proposed adaptive control using real wind speed data. In all the cases, the results indicate that the rotor speed follows the reference speed and show that the designed controller gives a satisfactory performance under varying operating conditions and parameter variations.
Highlights
Wind energy has tremendous potential for supplying electricity to the grid without high investments
Different wind turbine configurations have been investigated with the purpose of maximizing power extraction—synchronous or asynchronous generators as well as stall and pitch-controlled systems—with the aim of controlling variable rotor angular speed
Considering the relation between power and generator angular velocity for a wind turbine at different wind speed conditions, it could be stated that, as the wind speed changes, the generator angular velocity should adapt to these changes to get the maximum power extraction
Summary
Wind energy has tremendous potential for supplying electricity to the grid without high investments. Different wind turbine configurations have been investigated with the purpose of maximizing power extraction—synchronous or asynchronous generators as well as stall and pitch-controlled systems—with the aim of controlling variable rotor angular speed. Maximum power extraction could be obtained by varying the rotor angular velocity for variable wind conditions. Considering the relation between power and generator angular velocity for a wind turbine at different wind speed conditions, it could be stated that, as the wind speed changes, the generator angular velocity should adapt to these changes to get the maximum power extraction. This parameter regulation is usually performed by a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller. An adaptive controller could make a random guess of the uncertain plant parameters, allowing adjustment of the controller parameters based on the information
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