Abstract
A novel approach to designing rectenna systems by eliminating the use of a matching network between the antenna and the rectifier is presented. The proposed rectenna consists of a wide impedance bandwidth 8 octagon disks placed at two different layers laying on both sides of a single substrate and backed by a ground plane. A Schottky diode is placed at each layer right at the feeding location without matching network, forming an array of two rectennas. The rectified power is smoothed out using a low pass filter composed of two RF choke inductors for each rectenna. By virtue of the wide impedance bandwidth of the antenna, the measurement results of the rectenna yielded a 50% radiation to DC efficiency at the operating frequency of 2.1 GHz. The rectifiers were then connected in series or parallel to study the effect of the connection type on the rectified output power. Wideband load resistance response and configurable amount of output DC currents and voltages can be realized using certain DC power combining methods.
Highlights
A rectifying antenna consists mainly of an antenna to convert electromagnetic energy to AC power and a rectifier that converts the collected AC power to DC
The efficiency of the measured rectenna at the resonance frequency has dropped to 50% as compared to a minimum efficiency of 80% for the simulated results
The distance between the reflector and the two-layer octagon antenna array was varied from S = 1 mm to S = 20 mm (please refer to Fig.2 for the definition of the separation distance (S))
Summary
A rectifying antenna (rectenna) consists mainly of an antenna to convert electromagnetic energy to AC power and a rectifier that converts the collected AC power to DC. The use of a matching network between the antenna and the diode is critical to maximally transfer the energy from the antenna to the diode Such matching network can add to the losses of the total efficiency of the system in addition to narrowing the overall operating frequency band. The efficiency was limited to 20% for input power levels of 0.07 mW /cm due to the high impedance mismatch between the diode and the antenna Another technique was used in [31], [32] where the antenna is designed such that its input impedance is conjugate matched to the diode impedance, the diode can be placed at the feed of the antenna without utilizing a matching network. The output DC power of the two rectennas presented in this paper were connected in both series and parallel and the advantages of both types of connections are discussed
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