DESIGN OF A PRECISION COMPACTOR FOR USE IN GUIDED BONE REGENERATION IN THE AREA OF ORAL SURGERY

Abstract

During the processes of guided bone regeneration in the maxillary bones, which aim to recover or preserve support tissue for the placement of implants on which dental prostheses are retained, the use of various particulate graft biomaterials from different sources (animal or synthetic) is standardized. At present, the pressure of compaction of this material in the recipient bone is manual, dependent on the clinician, although there is some scientific evidence on the effects of different compressive forces on angiogenesis and prognosis of the regeneration of the grafted areas. The aim of the present study is to design, calibrate and verify in vitro a compaction instrument for clinical use, which allows a controlled and precise compaction pressure of the particulate graft biomaterial and standardize the procedure. The designed instrument is a precision compactor of adequate size for proper intra and extraoral clinical manageability and manufactured in a sterilizable material by autoclaving. The range of compression that allows (0 -1,82 Newton), is within the forces that are commonly applied in surgery and that have been determined by a specific test on 8 oral surgeons. Instrument calibration has been performed by an independent accredited company. The testing of the instrument was carried out by an in vitro test where the biomaterial was compacted at different forces (0,80 and 1,82 Newton) and was observed by a computerized micro-tomography that when increasing the compression force, decreased the space between particles provided for the migration and proliferation of new blood vessels and cells. Key Words: bone regeneration, compaction, instrument, compactor, particle biomaterial, bone graft.