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Abstract
In modern aircraft, energy supply management has become a critical matter, since many aboard electrical loads have to be supplied, especially those related to flight safety. However, at the same time, the size and weight of electrical generators must be limited because of their on-board installation. In this paper, the Mixed Integrated Linear Programming (MILP) methodology has been used to formulate the Supervisor definition of the direct current (DC) microgrid (MG) on-board system with an extension for the programmable loads. Due to the problem of dimension increase, two methods have been presented and tested to perform optimal energy management (EM) aboard an aircraft: the Branch and Bound (B&B) and the Linear Regression Approximation (LRA). Finally, numerical simulations and results have been provided to validate the proposed optimization methodologies, according to the dimensions and the complexity of the problem.
Highlights
Over the last few years, the electrical power distribution aboard an aircraft has become a critical issue because of the rising number of electrical devices installed on-board, which leads to an increase in supply demand
Additional terms are introduced to better explain the energy management (EM) domain: for example, the logics that have loads as their domain are called Electrical Load Management (ELM), while, if the logic works at the source level, we refer to the terms Source Management
The power flow circuit is commonly used for studying large plants, with three phase circuits; for these, each load is characterized by its active and reactive power [38]; for direct current (DC) grids, instead, the loads are fully described by a scalar number representing their power
Summary
Over the last few years, the electrical power distribution aboard an aircraft has become a critical issue because of the rising number of electrical devices installed on-board, which leads to an increase in supply demand. The size of the power generators has to be limited in order to reduce both their weight and occupied volume, at the same time preventing any shortage of energy in order to maintain the correct operation mode of all the on-board supplied loads. The logics have the task of disconnecting the low-priority loads, in the case of generator overload, and of reconnecting them when the overload is over, or, otherwise, controlling their power de-rating. The family of logics and controls implemented on-board for optimal power flow, including storage and sources, is generally called Energy Management (EM) and it runs in a single or distributed board computers, commonly called EM Supervisors. If the grid has low storage, we commonly refer to Power Management (PM). We generally refer to the EM term for the logics and control methods, since it is the most general; reference is made to Supervisor to generally indicate the on-board computer or the implementation of the algorithm itself, where the EM logics are performed [1,2,3]
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