Abstract
Research and development programs on insect pests provide an opportunity to accomplish three major undertakings: (1) the assimilation and synthesis of the results of prior studies on the life system, biological effects, control, and socioeconomics of the pest-crop relationship being studied; (2) the acceleration of ongoing work and a focus for the results of this work; (3) an expanded knowledge base and a pool of trained people to continue working and improving the pest management system long after the formal program has ended. Unfortunately, these programs will not provide panaceas for our insect pest problems (Campbell 1973). They represent relatively massive efforts, but they are still constrained by limits on time, availability of trained and talented researchers, and money, as well as by the state of prior knowledge on the relevant pest-crop-socioeconomic system at the start of the formal program.
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