Abstract
Background: Reading rate reflects the quality of reading performance, especially in children, not typically measured during routine eye examinations. There is currently no reading rate chart with optometric notations made specifically for children with normal vision and low vision. Aim: To design a chart with optometric notations to measure reading rates in normally sighted and low-vision children. Setting: The study was conducted in an assigned room of a selected school with fluorescent lighting. Methods: Ten words were randomly arranged in each of the 10 rows of the chart. Two font versions were printed in black ink on white cardboards. Reliability and validity of the chart was established with 100 normally sighted children. Data were analysed using paired t -tests, Pearson’s correlation and the Bland and Altman method. Results: Six versions each in Arial and Times New Roman fonts were designed, with equivalent Snellen acuity levels, with each version having four acuity notations. Reliability results were p = 0.29 and R² = 0.95, with the Bland and Altman method revealing a mean difference of −0.58 correct words read per minute (cwpm) with confidence limits of +10.07 and −11.23 cwpm. Validity determined with the Wilkins chart and the new chart were p = 0.01 and R² = 0.99, with the Bland and Altman method showing a mean difference of +0.90 cwpm with confidence limits of +6.33 and −4.53 cwpm. Conclusions: This chart is a reliable and valid tool and can be used for assessing reading rates of normally sighted and low-vision children.
Highlights
School children spend six hours or more per day at school, approximately half of which is spent in reading books.[1]
It is imperative that optometric examinations incorporate reading rate assessments, especially for school children
95% of the reading rate differences lie within these limits of agreement
Summary
School children spend six hours or more per day at school, approximately half of which is spent in reading books.[1]. Reading rate is not typically measured during routine optometric examinations. During examination of low-vision patients, reading performance is not commonly evaluated except for a brief assessment of threshold print size and fluency.[9] It is imperative that optometric examinations incorporate reading rate assessments, especially for school children. A measure of reading rate assesses the threshold print size and the speed and accuracy. Appropriate test charts are needed to evaluate reading performance in both normal and partially sighted children. Reading rate reflects the quality of reading performance, especially in children, not typically measured during routine eye examinations. There is currently no reading rate chart with optometric notations made for children with normal vision and low vision
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