Abstract
In recent years, the need for a low-cost emergency ventilation system has increased unprecedentedly. Mechanical ventilation systems are widely used to cater to sudden oxygen demands, low breathing rates, and critical conditions during bradycardia and tachycardia. In this research, a new design of mechanical ventilation system synced with the tidal volume requirements of the patient using a piezoelectric belt has been proposed. The device proposed has various modes of ventilation—ACV (assisted controlled ventilation), SIMV (synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation), and NIV (non-invasive ventilation), depending on the patient's requirements. A digital interface or user-friendly software has also been developed to help medical professionals easily monitor a patient's medical conditions. Finally, the automation that controls the ventilation mechanism of the device has been tested and validated with a conventional ventilator, and it has been found that the accuracy of the device in terms of delivering the exact quantity of air into the patient according to his requirements has been improved significantly. Further, the comparative study of the experimental data indicated that 5–10% error in detecting inhale and exhale attempt of a patient was detected with the conventional ventilator.
Highlights
The mechanical ventilation system provides a required volume of air at certain intervals during specific medical critical conditions
Modern ventilators are dynamic systems whose dynamic behavior and outputs are taken as signals in the in-built automated monitoring systems, and the ventilation at required amounts is fed into the patient—this has ensured the decrease in manual monitoring of patients round-the-clock as well
If the mode is set to synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) mode, the system performs in the same way, except the patient initiated breath
Summary
The mechanical ventilation system provides a required volume of air at certain intervals during specific medical critical conditions. The tidal volume required for the ventilation, depends on certain parameters like breathing rate, pulse rate, oxygen levels, CO2 levels, gaseous mixtures, activities the patient is performing at a particular period, and so on. Over the years of research, it can be inferred that in most of the mechanical ventilation systems, different parameters were used or integrated with automation to maintain its optimal performance. In a research work by Vallverdu et al (1), the authors had presented a real-time study of the different clinical parameters involved in weaning during mechanical ventilation. The purpose of the research was to find out which patients are able to maintain spontaneous breathing rates for a specific period of time and those who are unable to do so
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