Abstract
In this paper, a new low complexity and lossless image compression system for capsule endoscopy (CE) is presented. The compressor consists of a low-cost YEF color space converter and variable-length predictive with a combination of Golomb-Rice and unary encoding. All these components have been heavily optimized for low-power and low-cost and lossless in nature. As a result, the entire compression system does not incur any loss of image information. Unlike transform based algorithms, the compressor can be interfaced with commercial image sensors which send pixel data in raster-scan fashion that eliminates the need of having large buffer memory. The compression algorithm is capable to work with white light imaging (WLI) and narrow band imaging (NBI) with average compression ratio of 78% and 84% respectively. Finally, a complete capsule endoscopy system is developed on a single, low-power, 65-nm field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) chip. The prototype is developed using circular PCBs having a diameter of 16 mm. Several in-vivo and ex-vivo trials using pig's intestine have been conducted using the prototype to validate the performance of the proposed lossless compression algorithm. The results show that, compared with all other existing works, the proposed algorithm offers a solution to wireless capsule endoscopy with lossless and yet acceptable level of compression.
Highlights
Capsule endoscopy (CE) [1,2] is a non-invasive technique to receive images of the intestine for medical diagnostics
It is noticed that the proposed design has additional support for narrow band imaging (NBI) mode, does not require significant buffer memory to store image pixels and still can produce compressed bit stream without any data loss which is a key feature of the design
A lossless image compressor tailored towards capsule endoscopy images is proposed
Summary
Capsule endoscopy (CE) [1,2] is a non-invasive technique to receive images of the intestine for medical diagnostics. The main design challenges of endoscopy capsule are acquiring and transmitting acceptable quality images by utilizing as little hardware and battery power as possible. In order to save wireless transmission power and bandwidth, an image compressor needs to be implemented inside an endoscopy capsule. Lossy image compressors produce some difference between the original and reconstructed images. The distortion of the reconstructed image can lead to inaccurate diagnostics decisions, though in medical and endoscopic imaging, lossy compression is acceptable up to a certain point (for example, a compression ratio of 15 was found as the visually lossless threshold for the JPEG lossy algorithm [3]).
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