Design of a Haptic Gas Pedal for Active Car-Following Support

Abstract

The research presented in this paper focuses on the design of a driver support system for the manual longitudinal control of a car during car-following. The aim of the design was to develop a system that would cooperate with the driver in comfortably maintaining (safe) separation with a lead vehicle. Three important design issues for a haptic gas pedal feedback system can be distinguished: 1) quantification of intervehicle separation parameters; 2) the type of haptic feedback; and 3) the relation between haptic feedback and intervehicle separation. Because of the inverse relationship between time-to-contact (TTC) and time-headway (THW)-the smaller the THW, the more important the avoidance of high TTC-THW should act as an amplifier for the haptic gas pedal feedback based on TTC. Using gas pedal stiffness feedback is expected to better facilitate the manual control of intervehicle separation changes, quantified by THW and TTC, because stiffness feedback allows perception of force and force-slope changes. The force changes inform drivers of instantaneous changes in the environment. Force-slope changes prevent drivers from input to the car that would continue to reduce the following gap in situations where this would be undesirable. A review of fixed-base simulator and field tests confirms that haptic gas pedal feedback improves driver vigilance during car-following without increasing the workload.