Design of a Dispersion Compensating Hexagonal Photonic Crystal Fiber (DC-HPCF) for High Nonlinearity and Birefringence

Abstract

AbstractThis manuscript deals with a novel hexagonal lattice structure based PCF having circular shaped air holes in the cladding region. A rectangular slot filled with Gallium phosphide (GaP) is introduced inside the core region to confirm a photonic crystal fiber with the characteristics of ultra-high nonlinearity and high birefringence. The complete analysis of the proposed structure is performed on the COMSOL multiphysics platform using Finite element method (FEM). Different optical parameters of the proposed DC-HPCF like chromatic dispersion (D), numerical aperture (NA), birefringence, effective refractive index, v-number, effective area (EA), nonlinearity (NL) and effective material loss (EML) are analysed with different geometrical variables. In the proposed structure of DC-HPCF the optimisation of all the above optical characteristics is achieved with the pitch value of 0.80 µm. With the help of this optimised proposed structure of DC-HPCF the ultra-high nonlinearity coefficient value of 28,978 W−1 km−1 at birefringence value 0.121 are confirmed with high negative dispersion and low effective area of −2885 ps/(nm.km) and 9.4 × 10–13 m2, respectively at wavelength 1.55 µm. Therefore, with above confirmed optical characteristics the proposed structure of DC-HPCF is best suited to perform as a four wave mixer, polarization splitter, polarization-maintaining fiber and also as a dispersion compensating fiber.KeywordsPhotonic crystal fiber (PCF)NonlinearityChromatic dispersionNumerical apertureEffective material loss