Abstract
A mode and polarization converter is proposed and optimized for 3D photonic integrated circuits based on photonic crystals (PhCs). The device converts the index-guided TE mode of a W1 solid-core (SC) waveguide to the band-gap-guided TM mode of a W1 hollow-core (HC) waveguide in 3D PhCs, and vice versa. The conversion is achieved based on contra-directional mode coupling. For a 25 μm-long device, simulations show that the power conversion efficiency is over 98% across a wavelength range of 16 nm centered at 1550 nm, whereas the reflection remains below -20 dB. The polarization extinction ratio of the conversion is in principle infinitely high because both W1 waveguides operate in the single-mode regimes in this wavelength range.
Highlights
Three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystals (PhCs) offer a promising platform for photonic integrated circuits with a wide range of applications in sensing, quantum optics, optical signal processing and communications, etc [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]
A mode and polarization converter is proposed and optimized for 3D photonic integrated circuits based on photonic crystals (PhCs)
The conversion is achieved based on contra-directional mode coupling
Summary
Three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystals (PhCs) offer a promising platform for photonic integrated circuits with a wide range of applications in sensing, quantum optics, optical signal processing and communications, etc [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. The building blocks of the devices and circuits in the 3D PhC are the W1 solid-core (SC) (rH’ = 0) waveguide in a hole layer and the W1 hollow-core (HC) (rR’ = 0) waveguide in a rod layer, as shown in the insets of Fig. 2(a) and 2(c), respectively. Their fundamental modes are attractive for their robustness to fabrication imperfections [14, 15].
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