Abstract
Electric propulsion is seen as a potential solution for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the aircraft industry. However, electrical machines must achieve high power to mass ratios (PtM) to meet aviation requirements. Superconducting technologies are a promising option for creating compact and efficient machines. Indeed, superconductors make it possible to generate large magnetic fields while reducing the need for ferromagnetic materials. In previous works, a 50 kW partially superconducting flux modulation machine has been realised. The flux modulation machine is an unconventional topology where the inductor is composed by a large static superconducting coil and rotating superconducting bulks acting as magnetic field shields. This topology allows controlling the inductor excitation while being brushless. In this paper, we design a 500 kW flux modulation machine considering the results of the 50 kW prototype and the constraints due to the structure change of scale. The presented machine aims to reach a power-to-mass ratio of 10 kW/kg.
Highlights
Meeting ambitious greenhouse gas emission reduction goals of the aviation industry requires innovative architectures such as turbo-electric or hybrid-electric propulsion [1,2]
The power to mass ratios (PtM) of several 500 kW design are shown, with regards to the magnetic field generated by the coil, this value is related to the dimensions of the coil and to Φ in equation (1)
A decrease in the critical current density of high temperature superconductivity (HTS) tapes with the applied magnetic field means that their mass efficiency decreases with their size
Summary
Meeting ambitious greenhouse gas emission reduction goals of the aviation industry requires innovative architectures such as turbo-electric or hybrid-electric propulsion [1,2]. These configurations require components with high power-to-mass ratios (PtM), for projects with a long-term timetable, electrical machines with a specific power higher than 10 kW/kg are required [3] To achieve such PtM, high temperature superconductivity (HTS) technology is a promising solution by allowing high current densities and the generation of large magnetic fields. The resulting magnetic flux density shows a spatial variation in the air gap which will generate an electromotive force (EMF) in the three-phase armature when the bulks rotate. We design a 500 kW flux modulation machine for its forthcoming construction in the project FROST (Flux-modulation ROtating Superconducting Topology) The aim of this design is to go from 50 kW to 500 kW without increasing the size or mass compared to the first prototype. The electromagnetic design results are presented as well as the selected design for FROST
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