Abstract
For the development and growth of economy and social condition of any country, constant supply of good quality electrical power is essential. The main barrier to achieving this goal is the variation of voltage in the network. The load connected in a system varies with time, which causes the variation in the bus voltages. By properly designing and installing the substation, these voltage regulations can be reduced. Load flow analysis provides the steady-state characteristic data and generates reports for voltage magnitude, phase angle, the flow of active and reactive power, losses in the system, etc. Accurate and highly reliable results of Load Flow Analysis (LFA) can be obtained by using ETAP (Electrical Transient Analyzer Program) software. In this research, ETAP software, which utilizes the Adaptive Newton-Raphson method, has been used for performing the load flow analysis of 2500 KVA 11 /.4 KV substation. Actual manufacturer data is utilized for transformers, VCBs, circuit breakers, cables, and other components, whereas computed data is used for loads on the system. The main focus of this study is to improve the voltage regulation and the overall power factor (PF) of the network by inserting capacitor bank also known as the PFI plant in the system. This technique also minimizes the input current and power losses.
Highlights
Substation plays an important role among generation, transmission and distribution system
Electrical power that flows through several substations may be at different voltage levels from generation to consumers end in a network
The analysis provides steady-state characteristic data of active power, reactive power, voltage magnitude, voltage phase angles, system losses, and power consumption (Hasan et al, 2020; Shahriari et al, 2012)
Summary
Substation plays an important role among generation, transmission and distribution system. Electrical power that flows through several substations may be at different voltage levels from generation to consumers end in a network. A substation’s primary function is to transform voltage levels from high to low and vice versa keeping constant power flow. It works like a hub in the power system among the electrical generation plants, transmission lines and distribution system. End users consume electrical energy in the form of current through electrical loads. These electrical loads, which can be categorized as UniversePG l www.universepg.com resistive, capacitive and inductive loads, are generally referred to linear and non-linear loads. Linear loads only consume electrical energy whereas nonlinear loads generate energy and create power factor problem by returning the energy to the source in a network (Witherden et al, 2010)
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