Abstract
The transition toward circular economy models has been progressively promoted in the last few years. Different disciplines and strategies may significantly support this change. Although the specific contribution derived from design, material science, and additive manufacturing is well-established, their interdisciplinary relationship in circular economy contexts is relatively unexplored. This paper aims to review the main case studies related to new circular economy models for waste valorization through extrusion-based additive manufacturing, circular materials, and new design strategies. The general patterns were investigated through a comprehensive analysis of 74 case studies from academic research and design practice in the last six-year period (2015–2021), focusing on the application fields, the 3D printing technologies, and the materials. Further considerations and future trends were then included by looking at the relevant funded projects and case studies of 2021. A broader number of applications, circular materials, and technologies were explored by the academic context, concerning the practice-based scenario linked to more consolidated fields. Thanks to the development of new strategies and experiential tools, academic research and practice can be linked to foster new opportunities to implement circular economy models.
Highlights
IntroductionThe linear economy model is recognized as being unsustainable, especially considering the global exploitation of fossil derivatives due to human activities
Despite the open challenges that a circular economy has to overcome in the years, this new model allows to adopt a systemic approach that considers the production of a specific product and its whole life cycle with better use of resources, waste, and leakage [1,5]
This paper aims to collect and review the case studies based on closed-loops for waste valorization that link design, materials, and extrusion-based Additive Manufacturing (AM)
Summary
The linear economy model is recognized as being unsustainable, especially considering the global exploitation of fossil derivatives due to human activities To this purpose, a transition toward more sustainable models is increasingly encouraged from policymakers, industries, and academic research [1,2]. To the linear take-make-waste model, a circular economy aims to preserve the economic and environmental value of these flows thanks to different strategies, i.e., the reuse of products, components, and materials, or their remanufacturing, refurbishment, and repair [5,6,7] In more detail, these hierarchical strategies are known as “R-imperatives”, and their conceptualization is still a debated issue in the academic field. Despite the open challenges that a circular economy has to overcome in the years, this new model allows to adopt a systemic approach that considers the production of a specific product and its whole life cycle with better use of resources, waste, and leakage [1,5]
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