Abstract
Recent advances in additive manufacturing (AM) techniques in terms of accuracy, reliability, the range of processable materials, and commercial availability have made them promising candidates for production of functional parts including those used in the biomedical industry. The complexity-for-free feature offered by AM means that very complex designs become feasible to manufacture, while batch-size-indifference enables fabrication of fully patient-specific medical devices. Design for AM (DfAM) approaches aim to fully utilize those features for development of medical devices with substantially enhanced performance and biomaterials with unprecedented combinations of favorable properties that originate from complex geometrical designs at the micro-scale. This paper reviews the most important approaches in DfAM particularly those applicable to additive bio-manufacturing including image-based design pipelines, parametric and non-parametric designs, metamaterials, rational and computationally enabled design, topology optimization, and bio-inspired design. Areas with limited research have been identified and suggestions have been made for future research. The paper concludes with a brief discussion on the practical aspects of DfAM and the potential of combining AM with subtractive and formative manufacturing processes in so-called hybrid manufacturing processes.
Highlights
Additive manufacturing (AM) or, as it is sometimes called, 3D printing technologies have made tremendous progress during the last decade
We review all above-mentioned aspects of design for AM
We reviewed the differences between design for AM (DfAM) [111,112] and design for manufacturing (DFM)
Summary
Additive manufacturing (AM) or, as it is sometimes called, 3D printing technologies have made tremendous progress during the last decade. The form-freedom and complexity-for-free features offered by AM enable application of design optimization approaches that aim at minimizing weight, maximizing stiffness, improving fatigue life, and/or enhancing the longevity of medical implants. Used for manufacturing of metallic medical devices, are among the powder bed fusion processes. RFumseedltdienpgos(itSioLnMm)odaenlidnge(lFeDcMtr)oins pbeerhaamps mtheelmtionsgt w(EidBelMy u)s,eodften used for material extrusion technique that has found many applications in the medical industry. The powder bed fusion pbrioomcaetsesrieasls ianndclumdediincagl dseevliececst.ivAemloarseecromsipnretheernisnivge arerveiewalsoof thueseAdM ftoecrhnpiqouleysmtheart iacrebiomaterials Another cateugsourayllyoufsAedMfortfeacbhrincaotiloongoifetshethdaiftfeirsenotfttyepnesuosf emdediincaclloynrenleevcatnitomnawteriitahls manedddiecvaicleds ceovuilcdes is material be found in [1]. A more comprehensive review of the AM techniques that are usually used for fabrication of the different types of medically relevant materials and devices could be found in [1]. The discussion is general in essence and applies to multiple sectors of the industry, medical devices and biomaterials will receive special attention
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