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Abstract
We report the analysis, design, fabrication and experimental characterization of novel subwavelength computer-generated holograms that produce uniform symmetric spot array. We distinguish between a polarization-sensitive and polarization-insensitive far-field reconstruction and show that a linearly polarized incident illumination is required in the former case in order to generate a symmetric reconstruction. The polarization-insensitive case generates a symmetric response independent of the illumination polarization. We show that this response is equivalent to that of a scalar-based computer-generated hologram but with an additional, independent, term that describes the undiffracted zeroth order. These findings simplify the design and optimization of form birefringent computer-generated holograms (F-BCGH) significantly. We present experimental results that verify our analysis and highlight the advantage of these novel elements over scalar-designed elements.
Highlights
Subwavelength form-birefringent structures can be engineered to artificially create unique anisotropic [1, 2] and dispersive [3,4,5] properties
These devices utilize optimization of the two independent degrees of freedom, i.e., the orientation of the formbirefringent grating and the amount of birefringence, to control the complex amplitude of the two orthogonally polarized optical field components. In this manuscript we discuss a specific class of form-birefringent computer-generated holograms (F-BCGH) producing symmetric far-field intensity reconstruction for linearly polarized incident fields
We show that for the superposition of symmetric intensity patterns, the overall far-field intensity distribution is polarization insensitive and equivalent to that of the scalar computer-generated hologram, whereas for the case of superposition of asymmetric intensity patterns, a linear incident polarization is required in order to produce the desired symmetric overall intensity distribution
Summary
Subwavelength form-birefringent structures can be engineered to artificially create unique anisotropic [1, 2] and dispersive [3,4,5] properties. The subwavelength grating lines can be distributed within the device aperture both continuously, realizing polarization transformers [6, 7] and polarization beam splitters [8], and discretely using cell-encoded approach, realizing polarization selective elements [9], blazed gratings [10, 11], lenses [12], polarization analyzers [13, 14] as well as array generators [15,16,17] These devices utilize optimization of the two independent degrees of freedom, i.e., the orientation of the formbirefringent grating and the amount of birefringence, to control the complex amplitude of the two orthogonally polarized optical field components.
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