Design, fabrication, and characterization of 3D-printed ABS and PLA scaffolds potentially for tissue engineering

Abstract

Additive manufacturing technologies are getting attention as a prospective substitute for conventional medical implant production methods owing to their unique manufacturing properties. In addition, biomaterials are required for bone repair and tissue engineering (BTE) techniques to provide scaffolds with the necessary biological and structural properties and improved performance. In this study, widely available biocompatible materials acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polylactic acid (PLA) are utilized for the design, fabrication, simulation, and mechanical characterization of 3D-printed scaffolds with two lay-down patterns potentially for bone tissue engineering. Mechanical properties of the 3D-printed scaffolds are determined by compression test and finite element analysis (FEA). Moreover, scanning electron microscope (SEM) images are also analyzed to determine the printing accuracy of the scaffolds. The porosity of the scaffolds is estimated both theoretically and through the liquid displacement method. Finally, the comparative analysis between PLA and ABS scaffolds indicates that the PLA scaffold has a higher potential for bone tissue regeneration. This study provides a notable engineering contribution by using a cost-efficient and easily available biomaterial as an alternative to bone tissue.