Abstract

Abstract Printed electronics provides a low-cost, sustainable and simple fabrication
route device fabrication. Silver nanoparticle (Ag NP) ink is commonly used to print
conductive lines, and optimizing the printed pattern design is critical for performance
improvement. This study compares three printed heater designs: serpentine, spiral,
and a combination spiral-serpentine pattern. The heaters are printed using direct
ink writing technique with commercial Ag NP ink on a quartz substrate, optimizing
key parameters such as the number of printed layers and ink volume per layer to
achieve good electrical conductivity. The conductivity values range from 3.42 × 107
Ω−1m−1 to 3.47 × 107 Ω−1m−1 for different printing passes, compared to the bulk
silver conductivity of 6.3 × 107 Ω−1m−1. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is used to
encapsulate the heater patterns, and their performance is tested at temperatures up
to 200 ◦C. This study also identifies potential applications for these heater designs,
such as wearable electronics and flexible heating elements for metal oxide-based gas
sensors. Future research will concentrate on optimizing material performance for
dynamic and flexible environments, improving long-term durability, and overcoming
technical barriers to large-scale production.

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