Abstract

Heat loss through windows of buildings is one of the significant causes of high-energy consumption that require intervention to advance their thermal performance in a move towards net-zero energy buildings. High-performance triple vacuum glazing features ultra-low heat loss that maintains the transparency, regardless of tiny pillar spots, and slimness due to its narrow evacuated cavities. This study reports the design and development of high-vacuum system with the modified vacuum cup which provides an effective pump-out hole sealing and has an achievable vacuum pressure of 4.02x10-5 Pa. A new dual-edge seal (low temperature melt 186˚C) consists of Cerasolzer CS186 alloy as a main and J-B Weld epoxy steel adhesive as a support seal is developed and the triple vacuum glazing (area of 300 x 300mm) samples are fabricated, in which the vacuum pressure of 4.8x10-2 Pa is achieved. A 3D FEM of the fabricated triple vacuum glazed is developed and the centre-of-pane and overall U-value of 0.33Wm-2K-1 and 1.05 Wm-2K-1, respectively, are predicted.

Highlights

  • An increase of global annual average surface temperature to 0.99 ̊C in 2016 (Lee et al, 2017) is due to the CO2 level that reached 400 ppm, breaking the 1950’s level threshold of 300 ppm (Andric et al, 2017)

  • A triple vacuum glazing consists of three SnO2 coated k-glass sheets, air-tight sealed around the edges, with evacuated two narrow (0.15mm high) cavities having a pressure of 0.01 Pa

  • The outcome of the design and development of high-vacuum system was the successful fabrication of ultra-low heat loss triple vacuum glazing with a pump-out hole sealing material using Cerasolzer CS-186

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Summary

Introduction

An increase of global annual average surface temperature to 0.99 ̊C in 2016 (Lee et al, 2017) is due to the CO2 level that reached 400 ppm, breaking the 1950’s level threshold of 300 ppm (Andric et al, 2017). The heat loss through glazed windows is the result of the heat transfer by conduction, convection and radiation and is determined by the thermal transmittance value (U-value). Smart glazing technologies such as thermotropic glazing or double air-filled glazing have identical U-values of 2.7 Wm-2K-1 (Allen et al, 2017). A triple vacuum glazing consists of three SnO2 coated k-glass sheets, air-tight sealed around the edges, with evacuated two narrow (0.15mm high) cavities having a pressure of 0.01 Pa. A regular square array of stainless steel support pillars, typically 0.15mm high and 0.3mm diameter spaced at 24mm, maintains the separation of three glass sheets under the effects of atmospheric and vacuum pressure

High-Vacuum System Design and Development
Fabrication Method
Thermal Performance Predictions
Findings
Conclusions
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