Abstract
The research is focused on the design and development of woven textile-based structural hollow composites. E-Glass and high tenacity polyester multifilament yarns were used to produce various woven constructions. Yarn produced from cotton shoddy (fibers extracted from waste textiles) was used to develop hybrid preforms. In this study, unidirectional (UD), two-dimensional (2D), and three-dimensional (3D) fabric preforms were designed and developed. Further, 3D woven spacer fabric preforms with single-layer woven cross-links having four different geometrical shapes were produced. The performance of the woven cross-linked spacer structure was compared with the sandwich structure connected with the core pile yarns (SPY). Furthermore, three different types of cotton shoddy yarn-based fabric structures were developed. The first is unidirectional (UD), the second is 2D all-waste cotton fabric, and the third is a 2D hybrid fabric with waste cotton yarn in the warp and glass multifilament yarn in the weft. The UD, 2D, and 3D woven fabric-reinforced composites were produced using the vacuum-assisted resin infusion technique. The spacer woven structures were converted to composites by inserting wooden blocks with an appropriate size and wrapped with a Teflon sheet into the hollow space before resin application. A vacuum-assisted resin infusion technique was used to produce spacer woven composites. While changing the reinforcement from chopped fibers to 3D fabric, its modulus and ductility increase substantially. It was established that the number of crossover points in the weave structures offered excellent association with the impact energy absorption and formability behavior, which are important for many applications including automobiles, wind energy, marine and aerospace. Mechanical characterization of honeycomb composites with different cell sizes, opening angles and wall lengths revealed that the specific compression energy is higher for regular honeycomb structures with smaller cell sizes and a higher number of layers, keeping constant thickness.
Highlights
IntroductionTextile structures have shown remarkable performance in advanced composites for aerospace, automotive, marine, civil engineering, wind energy, protective clothing, and many other applications
Conventional 2D woven fabrics have several disadvantages regarding the design of certain composite products which include anisotropy, limited conformability, poor in-plane shear resistance, difficulty in handling of open constructions, and reduced yarn to fabric tensile translation efficiency due to yarn crimp and crimp interchange
Composites reinforced with net-shaped three-dimensional (3D) fabric preforms have emerged as a viable option for parts such as stiffeners and stringers
Summary
Textile structures have shown remarkable performance in advanced composites for aerospace, automotive, marine, civil engineering, wind energy, protective clothing, and many other applications. Unidirectional (UD) and two-dimensional (2D) woven textilereinforced composites have exhibited clear advantages over the traditional metallic materials in terms of performance-to-weight ratio. Various three-dimensional (3D) woven textile structures have started to receive serious attention for structural composites due to better structural integrity, high delamination resistance, etc. The modern low-cost manufacturing methods of single and multilayer non crimp woven preform have created research interest in these new reinforcement structures [1,2,3,4,5,6]. Modern preform manufacturing technology (weaving, braiding, warp knitting, and nonwoven) facilitates the development of a variety of complex geometrical shapes [7,8]
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