Abstract
As the photovoltaic (PV) industry heading towards the multi-TW scale, PV technologies need to be carefully evaluated based on material consumption rather than just efficiency or cost to ensure sustainable growth of the industry.
Highlights
25% of global greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) come from electricity and heat generation, with one of the mainAnalysis sources of CO2 emissions being the burning of fossil fuels.[1]
Assuming an upper material consumption limit as 20% of 2019 global supply, we show that the present industrial implementations of passivated emitter and rear cell (PERC), tunnel oxide passivated contact (TOPCon), and silicon heterojunction (SHJ) cells have sustainable manufacturing capacities of 377 GW, 227 GW GW and 37 GW, respectively
Bands of Jmp/Vmp ratios are shown for PERC, TOPCon, SHJ, and tandem devices according to the IV properties in Table 5, along with a range of values for the bulk resistivity of typical screen-printed Ag, Al, and Cu pastes and bulk resistivity values of the pure Ag
Summary
25% of global greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) come from electricity and heat generation, with one of the mainAnalysis sources of CO2 emissions being the burning of fossil fuels.[1].
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