Design Considerations for Compression Gas Driven Shock Tube to Replicate Field Relevant Primary Blast Condition

Abstract

Detonation of a high explosive (HE) produces shock-blast wave, noise, shrapnel, and gaseous product; while direct exposure to blast is a concern near the epicenter; shock-blast can affect subjects even at farther distances. The latter is characterized as the primary blast with blast overpressure, time duration, and impulse as shock-blast wave parameters (SWPs). These parameters in turn are a function of the strength of the HE and the distance from the epicenter. It is extremely important to carefully design and operate the shock tube to produce a field relevant SWPs. In this work, we examine the relationship between shock tube adjustable parameters (SAPs) and SWPs to deduce relationship that can be used to control the blast profile and emulate the field conditions. In order to determine these relationships, 30 experiments by varying the membrane thickness, breech length (66.68 to 1209.68 mm) and measurement location was performed. Finally, ConWep was utilized for the comparison of TNT shock-blast profiles with the profiles obtained from shock tube. From these experiments, we observed the following: (a) burst pressure increases with increase in the number of membrane used (membrane thickness) and does not vary significantly with increase in the breech length; (b) within the test section, overpressure and Mach number increases linearly with increase in the burst pressure; however, positive time duration increases with increase in the breech length; (c) near the exit of the shock tube, there is a significant reduction in the positive time duration (PTD) regardless of the breech length.