Abstract
Electric Vehicles (EVs) will be a key component of sustainable e-transportation systems. It is important to provide a charging infrastructure for EVs. EVs are “zero” polluting and highly efficient, but these qualities are valid only if the EV is supplied from renewable energy sources (RES). In urban areas, there is a lot of unused space such as roofs of residential and enterprise buildings, roofs of parking lots, building facades, etc. In cities, the PV and small wind turbines RES should be able to supply EVs with clean energy. Such a solution has many advantages. In an EU-financed research project, the team developed a solution for a Residential Charging Station (RCS), the design solution being implemented with the equipment available on the market. In this paper, the design considerations and some challenges raised by it are presented. Improvements of the existing equipment to better suit future needs are further discussed. The proposed solution solves the matter optimally and the implementing it will offer future Smart Cities an RCS with public access with several useful properties.
Highlights
The energy management system (EMS) decides the energy balance within the S-MG and the power exchange with the grid, using the data collected from the system and from outside by means of various web services: weather forecast and energy price for the 24 h; booking of the electric vehicles (EVs) charging station coming from customers through a web application and eventually, in a Smart City, EV charging status and EV charging profile
As the renewable energy sources (RES) inverters power outputs are blocked to 4.6 kW by the grid rules, the existence of the battery storage system with an adequately sized electronic converter allows to feed with electricity an EV at 7 kW power
The EV charging time is reduced by 49% in comparison with the time required by charging from a CS supplied directly from the grid or by the RES inverters
Summary
In the new Directive (EU) 2018/844 of the European parliament, amending Directives issued in 2010 and 2012, paragraph 26 includes the following: “When Member States establish their (EU) 2018/844 of the European parliament, amending Directives issued in 2010 and 2012, requirements for the installation of a“When minimum number of establish recharging points. In order to digitalise the building sector, the tem is quickly changing the energy landscape, from the integration of renewables to smart. Our paper attempts to fill the gap based on several years of research and expertise It has the advantage of presenting a solution asked by above mentioned Directive (EU) 2018/844. EMS system requires adequate control algorithms to coordinate and optimize the MG resources This involves a reliable communication infrastructure to send real-time information across the MG [10]. Solution design modeling is described in Section 3; Section 4 presents the storage solution and the contribution of the EMS to an optimal use of the battery; Section 5 presents some important experiments which validate the solution, while Section 6 highlights the main conclusions of the paper
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