Abstract
Early in 1991 the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen, Switzerland commissioned its fourth helium liquefier/refrigerator. The facility is used for cooling superconducting magnets, purification and liquefaction of helium. It provides 4000 W of refrigeration at ca. 60 K and 900 W at 4.5 K without nitrogen precooling. Its main features are: Reciprocating compressor with labyrinth pistons, three expansion turbines with dynamic gas bearings, fully automatic operation based on a programmable logic controller and graphic process visualization. The paper describes the operating requirements, the refrigerator, the control concept designed to optimize the performance, and finally the operating experience gained during start up and half a year of operation.
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