Abstract
Abstract Seepage from irrigation canals can be controlled by interceptor pipe drains located down slope of the canal embankment and parallel to the canal. HYDRUS (2D/3D) is a software that simulates water flow in two-dimensional variably-saturated porous media. This software is used to determine the average water contents of the upper layers, direction of flow and the seepage rate to the pipe drain for different values of evaporation rates, pipe diameters, and horizontal and vertical pipe offsets from the conveyance canal. The results showed that increasing the vertical offset (drain depth) increases the drain discharge. Moreover, increasing the horizontal offset reduces the canal seepage and lower the phreatic surface. The proposed approach can determine drain size and location to cut off canal seepage, ensuring no contribution to the water body under the irrigated lands beyond the drain. The approach accounts for realistic soil formations and considers both saturated and capillary flows.
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