Design and Validation of a Questionnaire to Measure Future Spanish Teachers’ Perceptions of Cinema in Pre-School and Primary Education: Towards Active and Technological Learning

Alejandro Lorenzo-Lledó

doi:10.3390/fi12090149

Abstract

State of the art: Cinema, because of the eclectic nature of art, technology and mass media, can be manifested as an educational tool in the classroom. In this sense, the educational possibilities detected in the cinema are numerous. The pre-service teacher education in the figure of the teacher determines their educational resources. Purpose: The general objective of this study is to design and validate an instrument to measure the perceptions of students of Pre-School Teacher Degree and Primary Teacher Degree in Spanish universities about cinema as a teaching resource in Pre-School and Primary Education. Design/methodology: For this purpose, a systematic and planned process was developed for the design and validation of the Percepciones sobre las potencialidades del cine como recurso didáctico en las aulas de Infantil y Primaria ((PECID) (perceptions about the potentialities of cinema as a didactic resource in pre-school and primary classrooms)) questionnaire. Main findings: The results obtained showed a good content validity of 25 items after an expert judgement. On the other hand, a reliability of the internal consistency of the instrument of 0.978 was obtained. Furthermore, a three-factor structure was confirmed through factor analysis. Conclusions: It is concluded that the PECID questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument to measure the perceptions of future teachers in Spain about using cinema as a resource for future teaching.

Highlights

Current society is decisively marked by the digital media and the culture of the image, which has an influence on many areas, including education, making new demands in training
This allowed us to affirm, taking into account what [59] said about content validity, that the sample of items collected in the PECID questionnaire effectively measure the specific domain it intends to measure and no other
The PECID questionnaire is ready to be applied in a concrete way in the groups of students of the Teacher’s Degree that are considered for the diagnosis of their perceptions about cinema in education

Summary

Introduction

Current society is decisively marked by the digital media and the culture of the image, which has an influence on many areas, including education, making new demands in training. In this sense, [1] suggested the need to revise the notion of literacy in view of the supremacy of the visual and of multimodal communication practices, such as audio-visual language. [3] distinguished, on the one hand, cinema as an educational resource (cinema in education) in which cinema would be inserted as a support in subjects and the study of cinema as an art. There would be the media (education in cinema), which would include the critical dimension and the creative dimension

Objectives

Results

Discussion

Conclusion