Design and Testing of a High-Flow Autoperfusion Catheter: An Experimental Study

Abstract

An autoperfusion catheter is similar to an angioplasty balloon catheter with side holes in the guide-wire lumen proximal to the balloon. When the balloon of the autoperfusion catheter is deployed and inflated in an artery, the guide wire is removed, and the hub of the guide-wire lumen is capped. The catheter then allows passive distal perfusion by using ambient pressure to drive blood into the guide-wire lumen, through the balloon, and out the end hole. This article discusses the requirements and constraints of a high-flow autoperfusion catheter, summarizes attempts to modify standard angioplasty catheters for use as an autoperfusion catheter, and describes the design and testing of a custom autoperfusion catheter capable of delivering approximately 3 mL/sec at physiologic pressures. In a model of canine acute renal artery occlusion lasting 90 minutes, the custom autoperfusion catheter provided marked protection from acute tubular necrosis compared with conventional percutaneous transluminal angioplasty catheters. The authors conclude that the high-flow autoperfusion catheter may be useful as a temporary stent in cases of rupture, dissection, or penetrating wounds involving large arteries.